Ethereum is a blockchain that stores, transfers and issues its own cryptocurrency.
It also depends on proof-of-work consensus or "mining" to stay secure and issue its cryptocurrency, Ether. Its founder, Vitalik Buterin, is a known, public figure. Additionally, Ethereum network also functions as a platform for blockchain-based applications and services, which are generally termed DApps.
Ether works like fuel for all of the applications (DApps) that are built on the Ethereum blockchain. When more users flock to Ethereum-native applications, the required fees to transact on the Ethereum network go up.
Since it has demonstrated the potential to grow in price, Ethereum's applications become more popular. One of the key drivers of this has been the DeFi movement, which refers to the effort to build all sorts of decentralized financial services like lending platforms on the Ethereum network. These lending platforms and truthfully, all Ethereum-based services are made possible by a technology called a smart contract.
Generally, a smart contract is a piece of software that's hosted on a blockchain and performs certain actions based on certain conditions without human involvement. The most popular example of this is facilitating the exchange of one cryptocurrency for another, like Ether for an ERC-20 token.
An ERC-20 token is a cryptocurrency that is created in a smart contract and issued through that smart contract. To launch an ERC-20 token, it’s necessary to write up a contract in computer code that contains seven basic functionalities.
What these boil down to are:
1) Deciding on the token’s name.
2) Giving the token a ticker symbol like “ETH” for Ether.
3) Answering the question: what is the token’s maximum supply?
4) Defining how much of the token’s supply will ever be released to the public.
5) Checking every transaction with the token against its total supply.
6) Allowing users to transfer their tokens to other users.
7) Allowing for balance inquiries for all wallets holding the token to make sure they can make transactions they try to make.
In short, once these factors are accounted for, a smart contract can act as both a mint and a vault for an ERC-20 token. The USD Coin project, for example, issues its stablecoin to investors who deposit US Dollars, once its smart contracts register that US Dollars have been received. At the same time, its smart contracts are always minting more USD Coin as its USD reserves grow. All in all, the launch of ERC-20 tokens back in 2016 took the cryptocurrency revolution a step further by allowing just about anyone to create their own currency with a simple coded contract.
Ethereum’s most-cited weakness is that its blockchain isn’t agile enough to sustain the growth of its applications (DApps). Historically, the Ethereum network has become almost unusable each time that one or more of its applications explodes in popularity. To address this, Ethereum developers have been working to transition the Ethereum network from proof-of-work consensus to proof-of-stake consensus.
What this means is that instead of miners, Ethereum will have "validators" or "stakers." This refers to Ethereum users who can earn the right to approve transactions based on how many Ether they own (32 Ether minimum) and leave (stake) in cryptocurrency wallets that are connected to the Ethereum blockchain. Like miners, these stakers receive a block reward for verifying transactions as well as transaction fees for routing transactions from one wallet to another. The thought behind transitioning Ethereum to this new system of consensus is that it will be able to process far more transactions than it can now.
This text is intended to inform and is not an investment recommendation.
